{"id":882,"date":"2018-05-28T00:09:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-28T03:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/2018\/06\/29\/premio-nobel-em-fisica-1910\/"},"modified":"2021-08-20T20:23:11","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T23:23:11","slug":"premio-nobel-em-fisica-1910","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/2018\/05\/28\/premio-nobel-em-fisica-1910\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00eamio Nobel em F\u00edsica &#8211; 1910"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times,serif;font-size: 12pt\">Johannes Diderik Van der Waals; Fonte: site Nobel Prize.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<hr style=\"color: #333333;cursor: default;quot;quot;quot;quot;,times,serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: center;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none\" \/>\n<p><span style=\"float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #333333;cursor: text;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0O laureado com o Pr\u00eamio Nobel de F\u00edsica do ano de 1910 foi o f\u00edsico holand\u00eas Johannes Diderik Van der Waals por seu \u201ctrabalho sobre a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de estado para gases e l\u00edquidos\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0Na termodin\u00e2mica existe uma lei chamada de lei dos Gases Ideais que, apesar de ser um feito hist\u00f3rico para a ci\u00eancia, possu\u00eda uma inconsist\u00eancia, que \u00e9 o fato do g\u00e1s ao ser muito comprimido se afastar da interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o dessa lei de forma proporcional. <span class=\"TextRun SCXW31921502 BCX0\" lang=\"PT-BR\" xml:lang=\"PT-BR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31921502 BCX0\">Van der\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW31921502 BCX0\">Waals<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31921502 BCX0\"> modificou fenomenologicamente essa lei descrita formalmente pela chamada equa\u00e7\u00e3o de <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW31921502 BCX0\">Clapeyron<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW31921502 BCX0\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW31921502 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">pV=nRT<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">onde p \u00e9 a press\u00e3o, V o volume total do sistema, n o n\u00famero de mols do g\u00e1s, T a temperatura e R a constante universal dos gases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\" lang=\"PT-BR\" xml:lang=\"PT-BR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">\u00a0 \u00a0A<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">pesar disso<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">\u00a0em certas condi\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">a lei descrita\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">pela equa\u00e7\u00e3o de\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW122581942 BCX0\">Clapeyron<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">\u00a0funcionava.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW122581942 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW122581942 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0Essa imprecis\u00e3o na lei foi estudada a fundo por Van der Waals. Deve ser entendido que a lei se baseava nas seguintes premissas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">Um g\u00e1s \u00e9 composto de mol\u00e9culas cujo tamanho, comparado ao ocupado pelo g\u00e1s, \u00e9 insignificante.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">As mol\u00e9culas que comp\u00f5em o g\u00e1s n\u00e3o exercem for\u00e7a umas nas outras.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0Van der Waals ent\u00e3o pensou: E se as mol\u00e9culas de um g\u00e1s interagem umas com as outras e, considerarmos que o espa\u00e7o que ocupam n\u00e3o \u00e9 insignificante? A equa\u00e7\u00e3o ainda funcionaria?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0O holand\u00eas ent\u00e3o se dedicou a estudar a equa\u00e7\u00e3o em termos de volume e press\u00e3o \u201cideal\u201d e tentava estimar essas vari\u00e1veis macrosc\u00f3picas em termos de constantes caracter\u00edsticas de cada g\u00e1s. Ap\u00f3s alguns experimentos, ele chegou a seguinte equa\u00e7\u00e3o introduzindo ambos os fatores a e b que s\u00e3o constantes caracter\u00edsticas de cada g\u00e1s:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MathJax_Display SCXW97881116 BCX0\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax SCXW97881116 BCX0\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;font-size: 14.6667px;text-indent: 0px;text-align: center;text-transform: none;letter-spacing: normal;float: none;direction: ltr;max-width: none;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;min-height: 0px;border: 0px;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot; display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msup&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/mfrac&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\ud835\udf08&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u2212&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;b&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"math SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span class=\"SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mrow SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mfenced SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mrow SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">P<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">+(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mfrac SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mrow SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"msup SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">n<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mn SCXW97881116 BCX0\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">a)\/<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mrow SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"msup SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">V<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">)<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">.<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mfenced SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">(\u03bd<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mrow SCXW97881116 BCX0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">b<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">)<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mo SCXW97881116 BCX0\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">R<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mi SCXW97881116 BCX0\">T<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML MJX_Assistive_MathML_Block SCXW97881116 BCX0\" role=\"presentation\">P<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0Essa equa\u00e7\u00e3o se tornou a mais nova ferramenta na termodin\u00e2mica, pois ao aplic\u00e1-la a gases em altas press\u00f5es, os resultados se arranjavam perfeitamente \u00e0 realidade. O modelo te\u00f3rico se modificou de acordo com a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de Van der Waals e o volume de um g\u00e1s passava a ser essencial na forma\u00e7\u00e3o deste, onde suas mol\u00e9culas por raz\u00f5es misteriosas s\u00e3o atra\u00eddas com uma for\u00e7a pequena, chamada de for\u00e7a de Van der Waals que, posteriormente, seria a conhecida for\u00e7a el\u00e9trica. E, mais ainda, as constantes de cada g\u00e1s tinham uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre si e era poss\u00edvel estimar as constantes desconhecidas de um em fun\u00e7\u00e3o das constantes conhecidas de outro, ou seja, era poss\u00edvel prever em que press\u00e3o e temperatura gases como o hidrog\u00eanio ou o h\u00e9lio poderiam ser condensados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0A equa\u00e7\u00e3o de Van der Waals revolucionou a termodin\u00e2mica e at\u00e9 hoje \u00e9 considerada de grande import\u00e2ncia cient\u00edfica. Citando o discurso de entrega do Nobel, Van der Waals conseguiu de forma brilhante \u201cdecifrar alguns par\u00e1grafos das leis que se aplicam n\u00e3o apenas a certas regi\u00f5es da Terra, mas a todo o Universo\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0Johannes Diderik van der Waals nasceu em Leiden, 23 de novembro de 1837, e faleceu em Amsterd\u00e3, em 8 de mar\u00e7o de 1923.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Texto por:<\/strong> Sanderson Carlos Ribeiro<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Revisado por:<\/strong> Bruno Belin Dal Santos<\/span><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">Refer\u00eancias:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">\u201c<strong>The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910<\/strong>\u201c. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 11 de junho de 2018. &lt;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/1910\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/1910\/<\/a>&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;font-size: 12pt\">G\u00d3MEZ-ESTEBAN, Pedro.\u00a0<b>Pr\u00eamios<\/b><b>\u00a0Nobel \u2013 F\u00edsica 1910 (Johannes Diderik van der Waals)<\/b>. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/eltamiz.com\/2012\/02\/16\/premios-nobel-fisica-1910-johannes-diderik-van-der-waals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/eltamiz.com\/2012\/02\/16\/premios-nobel-fisica-1910-johannes-diderik-van-der-waals\/<\/a>&gt;. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_facebook][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Johannes Diderik Van der Waals; Fonte: site Nobel Prize. [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] \u00a0 \u00a0O laureado com o Pr\u00eamio Nobel de F\u00edsica do ano de 1910 foi o f\u00edsico holand\u00eas Johannes Diderik Van der Waals por seu \u201ctrabalho sobre a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de estado para gases e l\u00edquidos\u201d. \u00a0 \u00a0Na termodin\u00e2mica existe uma lei chamada de lei dos Gases [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[925],"class_list":["post-882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-premio-nobel","tag-1901-1910"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www3.unicentro.br\/petfisica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}